Learning Raku - sets

Quick Tip #8: Raku sets

Set – a collection of unique thingys Bag - a collection of unique thingys,but weighted for the count of the number of times something is put the bag Mix - a bag that allows fractional weights

这些是不可变类型。一旦生成就不可变了。每一个都有一个 Hash 版本以允许你更改成员, 但是我会忽略这些。

$ raku
> my $set = set( 1, 2, 3, 4 )
set(4, 3, 1, 2)
> 4 ∈ $set                      # member of
True
> 5 ∈ $set                      # member of
False
> 5 ∉ $set                      # not member of
True
> set( 2, 3 ) ⊆ $set            # subset of
True
> set( 2, 6 ) ⊆ $set            # subset of
False

集合是一种更自然的查看一个值是否存在于一个值的列表中的方式。你可能每一个哈希和使用 :exists 来检查键,但集合会这样做(尽管那就是 Raku 集合现在在幕后为你所做的):

my $set  = set( <a b c d> );
my $item = 'h';
say "$item is in set" if $item ∈ $set;

Perl 6拥有将两个列表转换为集合的操作符:

$ raku
> ( 1, 2, 3 ) ∪ ( 4, 5 )        # 并集
set(5, 4, 3, 1, 2)
> ( 1, 2, 4 ) ∩ ( 1,  2, 3 )     # 交集
set(1, 2)
> ( 1, 2, 4 ) ∖ ( 1, 2, 3 )      # 差集
set(4)
> ( 1, 2, 4 ) ⊖ ( 1, 2, 3 )      # 对称差分
set(4, 3)

到目前为止,我使用了你在集合数学中看到的奇怪的 Unicode 字符,但每个都有德克萨斯(ASCII)版本:

Texas	Fancy	Codepoint (hex)	Operation
(elem)	∈	U+2208	member of, $a ∈ $set or $a (elem) $set
!(elem)	∉	U+2209	not a member of, $a ∉ $set or $a !(elem) $set
(cont)	∋	U+220B	contains,
!(cont)	∌	U+220C	does not contain
(<=)	⊆	U+2286	subset of or equal to,
!(<=)	⊈	U+2288	not subset of nor equal to,
(<)	⊂	U+2282	subset of
!(<)	⊄	U+2284	not subset of
(>=)	⊇	U+2287	superset of or equal to,
!(>=)	⊉	U+2289	not superset of nor equal to,
(>)	⊃	U+2283	superset of
!(>)	⊅	U+2285	not superset of
(<+)	≼	U+227C	baggy subset
!(>+)	≽	U+227D	not baggy subset

有从两个列表中返回集合的操作符:

Texas	Fancy	Codepoint (hex)	Operation
(|)	∪	U+222A	union
(&)	∩	U+2229	intersection
(-)	∖	U+2216	difference
(^)	⊖	U+2296	symmetric difference
(.)	⊍	U+228D	baggy multiplication
(+)	⊎	U+228E	baggy addition
set 
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